Public Table: Schema Tables

id	name	sinceVersion	display	isPublic	description
0	ao_server_daemon_hosts	1.0a100	AOServ Server Daemon Hosts	false	<code>ao_server_daemon_hosts</code> stores which hosts may connect to the AOServ Daemon on a server.
1	ao_servers	1.0a100	AOServ Servers	false	The ao_servers table keeps track of all the servers that are running the AOServ distribution.
2	aoserv_permissions	1.21	AOServ Permissions	true	<code>aoserv_permissions</code> lists all of the possible permissions in the AOServ Platform.
3	aoserv_protocols	1.0a101	AOServ Protocols	true	<code>aoserv_protocols</code> keeps track of the different versions of the protocol and what is available in that protocol.
4	aosh_commands	1.0a100	AOSH Commands	true	<code>aosh_commands</code> stores the details about each command that may be used in the AO shell.
5	architectures	1.0a100	Architectures	true	The architectures table provides all the possible computer architectures for the servers table.
6	backup_partitions	1.0a100	Backup Partitions	false	The <code>backup_partitions</code> table stores the details of each backup location.
7	backup_reports	1.0a101	Backup Reports	false	The <code>backup_reports</code> table stores the daily summary of backup system usage.
8	backup_retentions	1.0a100	Backup Retentions	true	<code>backup_retentions</code> stores all of the possible backup retention times.
9	bank_accounts	1.0a100	Bank Accounts	false	The bank_accounts table stores all the bank accounts we operate.
10	bank_transaction_types	1.0a100	Bank Transaction Types	false	The bank_transaction_types table stores all the possible types of transactions for bank_transactions.
11	bank_transactions	1.0a100	Bank Transactions	false	The bank_transactions table stores all the the transactions that have occured on a bank account.
12	banks	1.0a100	Banks	false	The banks table stores information about each bank we deal with
13	blackhole_email_addresses	1.0a100	Blackhole Email Addresses	false	The blackhole_email_addresses is a list of email addresses in which all email sent to them is immediately discarded via /dev/null.
14	brands	1.44	Brands	false	Each brand has separate website, packages, nameservers, and support
15	business_administrators	1.0a100	Business Administrators	false	The business_administrators table stores details about the people who are allowed to access the aoserv and aoweb utilities.
16	business_administrator_permissions	1.21	Business Administrator Permissions	false	Grants administrative permissions.
17	business_profiles	1.0a100	Business Profiles	false	The business_profiles stores all the old profile data for a business. This is done so that old contacts may be used in case of an emergency.
18	businesses	1.0a100	Businesses	false	The businesses table stores details about businesses
19	business_servers	1.0a100	Business Servers	false	The business_servers table stores which servers may be accessed by which business. A child business can only access a subset of the parent business' servers. Only one entry per business is flagged as default.
20	country_codes	1.0a100	Country Codes	true	The country_codes table contains all of the valid country codes. This data was obtained from http://digitalid.verisign.com/ccodes.html
21	credit_card_processors	1.29	Credit Card Processors	false	The credit_card_processors table stores all of the different credit card processing merchant accounts.
22	credit_card_transactions	1.29	Credit Card Transactions	false	The credit_card_transactions table stores the complete history of credit card processor transactions.
23	credit_cards	1.0a100	Credit Cards	false	The credit_cards table stores all of the client credit card information in an encrypted format.
24	Currency	1.83.0	Currencies	true	The supported currencies.
25	cvs_repositories	1.0a100	CVS Repositories	false	The <code>cvs_repositories</code> table stores the details of each CVSROOT
26	cyrus_imapd_binds	1.81.10	Cyrus IMAPD Binds	false	The <code>cyrus_imapd_binds</code> table represents all the ip_address port binding combinations. The app_protocol of the bind should always be POP3, IMAP2, SIMAP, or SPOP3.
27	cyrus_imapd_servers	1.81.10	Cyrus IMAPD Servers	false	The cyrus_imapd_servers table contains a list of all the Cyrus IMAPD servers.
28	disable_log	1.0a100	Disable Log	false	The <code>disable_log</code> logs all the times things are disabled.
29	distro_file_types	1.0a100	Distro File Types	false	The distro_file_types stores all of the possible file types.
30	distro_files	1.0a100	Distro Files	false	The distro_files stores all of the file attributes in the templates.
31	distro_report_types	1.70	Distro Report Types	false	The distro_report_types stores all of the possible report types.
32	dns_forbidden_zones	1.0a100	DNS Forbidden Zones	true	<code>dns_forbidden_zones</code> stores all of the DNS zones that may not be hosted by the name servers
33	dns_records	1.0a100	DNS Records	false	<code>dns_records</code> stores all of individual records of the name server.
34	dns_tlds	1.0a100	DNS TLDs	true	<code>dns_tlds</code> stores all of the domains that are considered to be "top level domains".
35	dns_types	1.0a100	DNS Types	true	<code>dns_types</code> stores all of the types of entries that may be placed in a line of a zone file.
36	dns_zones	1.0a100	DNS Zones	false	<code>dns_zones</code> stores all of the DNS zones.
37	email_addresses	1.0a100	Email Addresses	false	The email_addresses table stores a central pool of all email addresses.
38	email_attachment_blocks	1.0a116	Email Attachment Blocks	false	The email_attachment_blocks table stores all attachment types that are currently blocked.
39	email_attachment_types	1.0a116	Email Attachment Types	true	<code>email_attachment_types</code> stores all of the possible attachment extensions that may be blocked.
40	email_domains	1.0a100	Email Domains	false	The email_domains table stores all the domains that the MTA responds to.
41	email_forwarding	1.0a100	Email Forwarding	false	The email_forwarding sends email addresssed to email_addresses to another address.
42	email_list_addresses	1.0a100	Email List Addresses	false	The email_list_addresses attaches the email_addresses to the email lists.
43	email_lists	1.0a100	Email Lists	false	The email_lists table stores pointers to all the list files that are used for email.
44	email_pipe_addresses	1.0a100	Email Pipe Addresses	false	The email_pipe_addresses attaches the email_addresses to the email pipes.
45	email_pipes	1.0a100	Email Pipes	false	The email_pipes table stores pointers to all the processes that are used for direct delivery of email.
46	email_smtp_relay_types	1.0a100	Email SMTP Relay Types	true	The email_smtp_relay_types table stores all the different types of SMTP rules.
47	email_smtp_relays	1.0a100	Email SMTP Relays	false	The email_smtp_relays table stores the SMTP server access rules.
48	email_smtp_smart_host_domains	1.57	Email SMTP Smart Host Domains	false	The email_smtp_smart_host_domains table stores optional per-domain settings for email_smtp_smart_hosts.
49	email_smtp_smart_hosts	1.57	Email SMTP Smart Hosts	false	The email_smtp_smart_hosts table indicates a SMTP port is configured as a SmartHost for one or more servers.
50	email_sa_integration_modes	1.0a120	Email SpamAssassin Integration Modes	true	The email_sa_integration_modes tables provides all the possible spam assassin itegration modes supported.
51	encryption_keys	1.23	Encryption Keys	false	The encryption_keys table stores the list of GPG key ids on a per-business basis.
52	expense_categories	1.0a100	Expense Categories	false	The expense_categories table is a lookup for bank_transactions, and is used to organize expenditures for accounting purposes.
53	failover_file_log	1.0a100	Failover File Log	false	The failover_file_log records statistics about each finished failover file replication.
54	failover_file_replications	1.0a100	Failover File Replications	false	The failover_file_replications configures the replication of files from servers to failover servers.
55	failover_file_schedule	1.0a100	Failover File Schedule	false	The failover_file_schedule controls when replications occur.
56	failover_mysql_replications	1.28	Failover MySQL Replications	false	The failover_mysql_replications indicates a failover replication is using MySQL replication for /var/lib/mysql/... instead of file-based replication.
57	file_backup_settings	1.0a100	File Backup Settings	false	The <code>file_backup_settings</code> table overrides everything in the backup system except <code>file_backup_devices</code>.
58	firewalld_zones	1.81.0	Firewalld Zones	false	The <code>firewalld_zones</code> table defines all Firewall zones used on an AOServer.
59	ftp_guest_users	1.0a100	FTP Guest Users	false	Each <code>linux_account</code> may optionally be a guest FTP user. A guest FTP user is restricted to FTP access in their home directory. The passwd and group files are created such that any username or group in the same business resolve to the correct text names.
60	httpd_binds	1.0a100	Httpd Binds	false	The <code>httpd_binds</code> table represents all the ip_address port binding combinations. The app_protocol of the bind should always be HTTP or HTTPS.
61	httpd_jboss_sites	1.0a100	Httpd JBoss Sites	false	<code>httpd_jboss_sites</code> ties httpd_sites to a jboss version to its httpd_shared_tomcat JVM.
62	httpd_jboss_versions	1.0a100	Httpd JBoss Versions	true	<code>httpd_jboss_versions</code> is a lookup table containing information about different jboss versions.
63	httpd_jk_codes	1.0a100	Httpd JK Codes	true	The httpd_jk_codes table contains all the possible mod_jk codes. The codes must be unique for one httpd_sites when the site is used in multiple httpd_servers.
64	httpd_jk_protocols	1.0a100	Httpd JK Protocols	true	The httpd_jk_protocols table contains all of the possible protocols used by the mod_jk Apache module.
65	httpd_servers	1.0a100	Httpd Servers	false	The httpd_servers table contains a list of all the Apache servers.
66	httpd_shared_tomcats	1.0a100	Httpd Shared Tomcats	false	<code>httpd_shared_tomcats</code> stores information about the JVM shared by httpd_tomcat_shared_sites.
67	httpd_site_authenticated_locations	1.18	Httpd Site Authenticated Locations	false	The <code>httpd_site_authenticated_locations</code> configured Apache basic authentication using Location directives.
68	httpd_site_bind_headers	1.81.15	Httpd Site Bind Headers	false	The <code>httpd_site_bind_headers</code> configures headers on httpd_site_binds.
69	RewriteRule	1.81.21	Rewrite Rules	false	The per-VirtualHost set of RewriteRule.
70	httpd_site_binds	1.0a100	Httpd Site Binds	false	The <code>httpd_site_binds</code> attaches httpd_sites to httpd_binds.
71	httpd_site_urls	1.0a100	Httpd Site URLs	false	The <code>httpd_site_urls</code> stores the hostnames that a site will respond to.
72	httpd_sites	1.0a100	Httpd Sites	false	The httpd_sites table stores all of the site names used in the /www directory on servers. Each site name must be unique per server. Also, for site portability, it is preferred that sites remain unique between one set of servers. Such as AO Industries will use unique names across all of its virtual servers, while resellers may also choose to use unique names across their sets of dedicated machines.
73	httpd_static_sites	1.0a100	Httpd Static Sites	false	The <code>httpd_static_sites</code> stores the details of all sites that simply host static content only.
74	httpd_tomcat_contexts	1.0a100	Httpd Tomcat Contexts	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_contexts</code> stores the details of all contexts for all Tomcat sites.
75	httpd_tomcat_data_sources	1.5	Httpd Tomcat Data Sources	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_data_sources</code> stores the data sources on a per-context basis.
76	httpd_tomcat_parameters	1.5	Httpd Tomcat Parameters	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_parameters</code> stores the parameters on a per-context basis.
77	httpd_tomcat_site_jk_mounts	1.81.6	Httpd Tomcat Site JK Mounts	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_site_jk_mounts</code> stores the JkMount and JkUnMount settings for each Tomcat-based site.
78	httpd_tomcat_sites	1.0a100	Httpd Tomcat Sites	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_sites</code> stores the details of all sites based on the Tomcat servlet engine. This includes JBoss, single instance Tomcats, and a Tomcat that runs in a shared Java VM.
79	httpd_tomcat_shared_sites	1.0a100	Httpd Tomcat Shared Sites	false	<code>httpd_tomcat_shared_sites</code> ties the httpd_tomcat_site to its httpd_shared_tomcat JVM.
80	httpd_tomcat_std_sites	1.0a100	Httpd Tomcat Std Sites	false	The <code>httpd_tomcat_std_sites</code> table stores the details for each site that is self contained in its /www directory.
81	httpd_tomcat_versions	1.0a100	Httpd Tomcat Versions	true	The <code>httpd_tomcat_versions</code> is a lookup of all the available versions of Tomcat.
82	httpd_workers	1.0a100	Httpd Workers	false	The httpd_workers table contains all of the workers that are registered on each server.
83	ip_addresses	1.0a100	IP Addresses	false	The ip_addresses table has an entry for every IP address hosted on our machines.
84	IpAddressMonitoring	1.81.18	IP Address Monitoring	false	The monitoring configuration for ip_addresses
85	ip_reputation_limiter_limits	1.66	IP Reputation Limiter Limits	false	The per-class limits for each IP Reputation Limiter.
86	ip_reputation_limiter_sets	1.66	IP Reputation Limiter Sets	false	The sets for each IP Reputation Limiter.
87	ip_reputation_limiters	1.66	IP Reputation Limiters	false	A network traffic limiter based established IP reputation.
88	ip_reputation_set_hosts	1.65	IP Reputation Set Hosts	false	The per-host reputation for each IP Reputation Set.
89	ip_reputation_set_networks	1.65	IP Reputation Set Networks	false	The per-network reputation for each IP Reputation Set.
90	ip_reputation_sets	1.65	IP Reputation Sets	false	A set of IP reputation on a per-host and per-network basis.
91	languages	1.44	Languages	true	The languages table provides all the possible languages for brands.
92	linux_acc_addresses	1.0a100	Linux Account Addresses	false	The linux_acc_addresses table links email addresses to linux accounts.
93	linux_account_types	1.0a100	Linux Account Types	true	The linux_account_types table stores all the different types of linux accounts.
94	linux_accounts	1.0a100	Linux Accounts	false	The linux_accounts table stores all of the linux account info that is common to all machines.
95	linux_group_accounts	1.0a100	Linux Group Accounts	false	The linux_group_accounts stores the alternate users for linux groups.
96	linux_group_types	1.0a100	Linux Group Types	true	The linux_group_types table stores all the different types of linux groups.
97	linux_groups	1.0a100	Linux Groups	false	The linux_groups table stores the details of each linux group that are common to every server.
98	linux_server_accounts	1.0a100	Linux Server Accounts	false	The linux_server_accounts table contains the user configuration that is unique to each server.
99	linux_server_groups	1.0a100	Linux Server Groups	false	The linux_server_groups table stores the details about the groups that exist on the servers.
100	majordomo_lists	1.0a100	Majordomo Lists	false	The majordomo_lists table stores the details of each list in a majordomo_server.
101	majordomo_servers	1.0a100	Majordomo Servers	false	The majordomo_servers table stores all the details for one domain of Majordomo hosting.
102	majordomo_versions	1.0a100	Majordomo Versions	true	The majordomo_versions table contains a list of all the supported versions of the Majordomo manages email list server.
103	master_hosts	1.0a100	Master Hosts	false	<code>master_hosts</code> stores which hosts each user may connect from.
104	master_processes	1.0a100	Master Processes	false
105	master_server_stats	1.0a100	Master Server Stats	false
106	master_servers	1.0a100	Master Servers	false	<code>master_servers</code> stores which servers each user may control.
107	master_users	1.0a100	Master Users	false	<code>master_users</code> stores the authorization information for people that may access the master controller.
108	monthly_charges	1.0a100	Monthly Charges	false	The monthly_charges table contains an entry for each transaction that is automatically charged each month.
109	mysql_databases	1.0a100	MySQL Databases	false	The mysql_databases table stores the information about each MySQL database in the system.
110	mysql_db_users	1.0a100	MySQL DB Users	false	The <code>mysql_db_users</code> table stores which <code>mysql_server_users</code> can access which <code>mysql_databases</code>. The user permissions are also contained in each row.
111	mysql_server_users	1.0a100	MySQL Server Users	false	The mysql_server_users table contains all the server-specific information about a mysql_user
112	mysql_servers	1.4	MySQL Servers	false	The mysql_servers table stores the information about each MySQL instance in the system.
113	mysql_users	1.0a100	MySQL Users	false	The mysql_users table stores all of the user info that is common for every MySQL server a user has a MySQL user account on. The server specifics are stored in the mysql_server_users table.
114	net_bind_firewalld_zones	1.81.0	Net Bind Firewalld Zones	false	Each port may be independently associated with a specific set of Firewalld Zones.
115	net_binds	1.0a100	Net Binds	false	<code>net_binds</code> stores all of ports that should be bound to by processes running on the servers. If any ports is bound to that is not listed here, it may indicate a security violation. This data is also used to open firewall ports. Each port may also be periodically monitored for process reliability. <p> Four types of IP addresses exist: </p> <ol> <li>wildcard - Processes bind to all available IP addresses on the server. Monitoring may be performed from anywhere, depending on firewall flags.</li> <li>public - Processes bind to a public IP address. Monitoring may be performed from the localhost or public network, depending on firewall rules.</li> <li>private - Processes bind to a private IP address. Monitoring may be performed from the localhost or private network, depending on firewall rules.</li> <li>loopback - Processes bind internally in the server. Monitoring may only be performed from localhost.</li> </ol>
116	net_device_ids	1.0a100	Net Device IDs	true	The net_device_ids contains all the network devices used on Linux servers.
117	net_devices	1.0a100	Net Devices	false	The net_devices table contains each device used by Linux servers.
118	net_tcp_redirects	1.0a111	Net TCP Redirects	false	The net_tcp_redirects table stores all of the xinetd redirect configurations.
119	notice_log	1.0a100	Notice Log	false	The table notice_log contains information about any late or non-payment notices.
120	NoticeLog.balance	1.83.0	Notice Log Balances	false	The per-currency balances for a NoticeLog.
121	notice_types	1.0a100	Notice Types	true	The table notice_types provides lookup information for the notice_log table
122	operating_system_versions	1.0a100	Operating System Versions	true	The operating_system_versions table provides all the supported versions of operating_systems.
123	operating_systems	1.0a100	Operating Systems	true	The operating_systems table stores represents each type of operating system.
124	package_categories	1.0a123	Package Categories	true	The various categories for package_definitions.
125	package_definition_limits	1.0a123	Package Definition Limits	false	The package_definition_limits table defines the limits for each package_definition and resource combination.
126	package_definitions	1.0a123	Package Definitions	false	The package_definitions table stores a list of supported services.
127	packages	1.0a100	Packages	false	The packages table stores information about each package that businesses have signed up for.
128	payment_types	1.0a100	Payment Types	true	The payment_types table stores all the acceptable payment forms
129	physical_servers	1.36	Physical Servers	false	The physical servers consume rack space and electricity and optionally provide cluster resources.
130	postgres_databases	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Databases	false	The postgres_databases table stores the information about each PostgreSQL database in the system.
131	postgres_encodings	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Encodings	true	The postgres_encodings table stores the information about each PostgreSQL database encoding supported.
132	postgres_server_users	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Server Users	false	The postgres_server_users table stores the specific attributes of postgres_users for one server.
133	postgres_servers	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Servers	false	The postgres_servers table stores the information about each PostgreSQL instance in the system.
134	postgres_users	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Users	false	The postgres_users table stores all the users for PostgreSQL. Because a single person may have access to multiple PostgreSQL servers, this table represents what is common to them across all machines. The machine specific details are in the postgres_server_users table.
135	postgres_versions	1.0a100	PostgreSQL Versions	true	The <code>postgres_versions</code> is a lookup of all the available versions of PostgreSQL.
136	private_ftp_servers	1.0a100	Private FTP Servers	false	The private_ftp_servers table contains an entry for each private FTP server hosted.
137	processor_types	1.36	Processor Types	true	The possible types of processors for cluster QoS management.
138	protocols	1.0a100	Protocols	true	The protocols table has an entry for each service protocol along with the default port numbers.
139	racks	1.36	Racks	false	Each server farm may manage cluster resources on a per-rack basis.
140	resellers	1.44	Resellers	false	A reseller may provide ticket-based support
141	resources	1.0a100	Resources	true	The resources table stores a list of resources that may be charged
142	schema_columns	1.0a100	Schema Columns	true	<code>schema_columns</code> stores the details about the data contained in each column.
143	schema_foreign_keys	1.0a100	Schema Foreign Keys	true	<code>schema_foreign_keys</code> tables stores all the foreign key info for the database.
144	schema_tables	1.0a100	Schema Tables	true	<code>schema_tables</code> stores table names, display names, and descriptions for each table.
145	schema_types	1.0a100	Schema Types	true	<code>schema_types</code> stores names and unique numbers for each type.
146	sendmail_binds	1.81.10	Sendmail Binds	false	The <code>sendmail_binds</code> table represents all the ip_address port binding combinations. The app_protocol of the bind should always be SMTP, SMTPS, or submission.
147	sendmail_servers	1.81.10	Sendmail Servers	false	The sendmail_servers table contains a list of all the Sendmail servers.
148	server_farms	1.0a100	Server Farms	false	The server_farms table stores the details about each unique server farm (or location) that exists.
149	servers	1.0a100	Servers	false	The servers table keeps track of all the servers that are referenced in the database
150	shells	1.0a100	Shells	true	The shells table stores all the shells that may be used in a linux account.
151	signup_request_options	1.23	Sign-Up Request Options	false	The options for each specific sign-up type.
152	signup_requests	1.23	Sign-Up Requests	false	One sign-up request for any time of service.
153	spam_email_messages	1.0a100	Spam Email Messages	false	The spam_email_messages table stores all of the reported spam.
154	ssl_certificate_names	1.81.10	SSL Certificate Names	false	The ssl_certificate_names contains all of the names associated with SSL certificates.
155	ssl_certificate_other_uses	1.81.16	SSL Certificate Other Uses	false	The ssl_certificate_other_uses contains additional descriptions of how SSL certificates are used.
156	ssl_certificates	1.81.10	SSL Certificates	false	The ssl_certificates contains all of the names and paths of managed SSL certificates.
157	system_email_aliases	1.0a100	System Email Aliases	false	The system_email_aliases is a list of all entries that are placed in /etc/aliases but are not part of the other tables.
158	technologies	1.0a100	Technologies	true	The technologies table contains the list of all software packages and the classes they belong to.
159	technology_classes	1.0a100	Technology Classes	true	The technology_classes table defines the classes that may be used in the technologies table
160	technology_names	1.0a100	Technology Names	true	The technology_names table contains all of the unique names of software packages that are installed in the servers.
161	technology_versions	1.0a100	Technology Versions	true	The technology_versions table contains the list of all software packages, owners, and versions.
162	ticket_action_types	1.44	Ticket Action Types	true	Table ticket_action_types is a lookup for all of the possible actions that may be made to a ticket
163	ticket_actions	1.44	Ticket Actions	false	The ticket_actions table represent a complete history of the changes that have been made to a ticket. When a ticket is initially created it has no actions. Any change from its initial state will cause an action to be logged.
164	ticket_assignments	1.44	Ticket Assignments	false	Tickets may be assigned to specific administrators at each reseller level.
165	ticket_brand_categories	1.44	Ticket Brand Categories	false	Each brand may select which categories will be visible for ticket support.
166	ticket_categories	1.44	Ticket Categories	false	Each ticket may be associated with one of these hierichical categories.
167	ticket_priorities	1.0a100	Ticket Priorities	true	Table ticket_priorities is a lookup table for tickets
168	ticket_stati	1.0a100	Ticket Statuses	true	Table ticket_stati is a lookup table for tickets
169	ticket_types	1.0a100	Ticket Types	true	Table ticket_types is a lookup for tickets showing types of service requests
170	tickets	1.0a100	Tickets	false	Table tickets contains information on service requests
171	time_zones	1.2	Time Zones	true	The allowed time zones for a server
172	transaction_types	1.0a123	Transaction Types	true	The transaction_types table stores all the types of transactions.
173	transactions	1.0a100	Transactions	false	The transactions table keeps track of all transactions that have occured with the businesses
174	us_states	1.0a100	US States	true	The us_states table contains an entry for each state in the United States.
175	usernames	1.0a100	Usernames	false	The usernames table stores information about each username. Every username is unique across the system, and may be used for multiple services. Regardless of the system, the username always belongs to one business, and preferrably one actual person or system.
176	virtual_disks	1.36	Virtual Disks	false	The virtual disk configurations for cluster QoS management.
177	virtual_servers	1.36	Virtual Servers	false	A virtual server is any server that is a guest in the virtualized clustering.
178	WhoisHistory	1.81.19	Whois History	false	Logs the whois history for each registrable domain.
179	WhoisHistoryAccount	1.81.19	Whois History Account	false	Logs which accounts were associated with a registrable domain at the time of whois lookup.

TABLE NAME

DESCRIPTION

TABLE ROWS